Lecture 1 Singular
Nouns and Regular Plural Nouns
In the English language we have
singular and plural nouns.
]
Do you remember what we call
nouns?
-
Nouns are
words that name everything around us. Look around. Everything
we see we
call nouns, for example, door, window, desk, blackboard, computer, etc.
All these words can be changed into plural forms. However, there are
some specific rules how to change them correctly. Are you ready to learn
these rules?
REGULAR NOUN PLURALS
Rule # 1
Add the letter
–s
to the end of most nouns.
Example: lamp +
s =
lamps
Singular
Plural
More Examples:
|
brother |
+
s |
=
brothers
|
|
mother |
+
s |
=
mothers |
|
book
|
+
s |
=
books
|
Rule # 2
Add
–es to
nouns
ending in
s, ss, sh, ch,
x, or o.
Example: dress +
es = dresses
Singular
Plural
More Examples:
|
dish |
+
es |
=
dishes
|
|
box |
+
es |
=
boxes |
|
brush
|
+
es |
=
brushes
|
Rule # 3
If a noun ends in -y, its plural form can be formed in
two
different
ways:
(a) When
a
vowel
comes before
-y,
add
–s to change this noun into a plural noun
Example:
|
Singular |
Plural |
|
|
 |
|
one
boy
|
two boys |
More Examples:
toy
+
s
=
toys
key
+
s
=
keys
day
+
s
=
days
(b)
When a consonant comes before
-y, change
the -y to
-i and add
–es.
Example: lady
]
lad
y + i +
es =
ladies
|
Singular |
Plural |
|
|
 |
|
one lady |
two
ladies
|
More Examples:
country |
Y +
i + es |
=
countr i
es
|
city |
Y +
i + es |
=
cit i
es |
fairy |
Y +
i + es |
=
fair i
es
|
Rule # 4
If a noun ends in
-f or
-fe,
change
-f or
-fe to
v and add
–es.
Example:
wife
]
wife
+ v +
-es =
wives
|
bookshelf |
+
v + es |
=
bookshelves
|
|
knife |
+
v + es |
=
knives |
|
life |
+
v + es |
=
lives
|
